James newns



No. 770,382. PATENTED SEPT. 20, 1904. J. NEWNS. l

WRENCH.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 9, 1904.

VNo MODEL.

witnesses a/M? l Y Patented September 20, 1904.

EETcE.

PATENT JAMES NEWNS, CF CHESTER, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR OE ONE-HALE TO THOMASNORBURY, OF CHESTER, ENGLAND.

WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 770,382, datedSeptember 20, 1904.

Application led February 9, 1904. Serial No. 192,795. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom t 711/003./ concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES NEwNs, machinefitter, a subject of the King ofGreat Britain, and a resident of Hoole, Chester, in the county ofChester, England, (whose post-oilice add ress is 26 Prescot street,Hoole, Chester, aforesaid,) have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in rencheS, (for which application has been made in GreatBritain, No. 28,813, dated December 31, 1903,) of which the following isa specification.

This invention has for its object to provide a simple and reliableconstruction of wrench with movable jaws adapted to iit to varioussizednuts, pipes, or the like by simply applying' it to Vthe article to beturned and applying pressure to the handle in the ordinary manner forturning the article, the construction being such that the grip on thearticle increases with the pressure on the handle, so that the greaterthe resistance oiiered to the turning of the nut or the like the greaterwill be the grip thereon.

To the above end the invention consists in pivotally connecting a handleor lever to one jaw and slidingly mounting the other jaw on this pivotedjaw, the pivoted end of the handle or lever being formed or providedwith teeth arranged to engage a pinion, which in turn is adapted toengage teeth on the movable jaw, the construction being such that whenthe handle or pivoted jaw is moved on its pivot the sliding jaw will becaused to travel to or away from the pivoted jaw, as the case may be.

The invention also comprises the application to the wrench -jaws ofvarious interchangeable parts whereby a wrench may be fitted withgripping parts of various shapes to act as a cycle-wrench or as apipe-wrench or with cutting-wheels to act as a pipe-cutter or with diesto adapt it for cutting screwthreads or with other mechanicalcontrivances of a like nature. l

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis an elevation of my improvedwrench, portions being broken away to expose the internal construction.Fig. 2 is a perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of the sliding jaw.Fig. 3 is aperspective. view of one of `the interchangeable parts.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the pivotal jaw provided with aslot or recess to slidingly receive a rack one end ot' which is formedintegral with the other jaw, B, the rack having on either or both sidesa groove c Ato receive corresponding ribs on the two inner faces of theslot and guide the rack Z) in a direction which will carry its jaw B toor from the pivotal jaw A. The slot or recess in the base a of thepivotal jaw A also receives the end of the handle or lever D, formedwith a toothed segment or sector Z and pivoted to the jaw A by means oi'a pin or screw E. The base of the jaw A has preferably a form to coverand conceal the teeth d, and, ii' desired, the teeth of rack may becovered by flanges U, as shown in Eig. 2.

Interposed between teeth Z of the handle and the teeth on the rack is adouble pinion a' j-that is to say, a wheel having two concentric sets ofteeth, the diameter of one set, e', being greater than that of theother, j, in such a way that the handle D engages the large set of teethand the rack the small sct oi' teeth, thereby increasing the leverage,as will be useful, for instance, for turning the studs of cylinders, orin other cases where a very great grip is required, or if thehandleteeth be set to engage the small set of teeth j and the large setoi' teeth v1 be in engagement f with the rack the leverage will bereduced,

producing a quick opening and closing movement of the jaws A B with arelatively small movement ofthe handle D, such as will be applicable forobtaining a light grip, as with some kinds of pipe-wrenches, where it isnot` desired to obtain a crushing grip. To change the engagement of thewheel e' y', its axial pin or screw is changed from l to 75, or viceversa, and the wheel turned over. handle to be readily detached andreinserted, it is preferable to utilize for the pivot E a screw-pin.This also has the advantage of enabling the screw to be utilized toadjust the To enable the amount of freedom with which the handle can bemoved on its pivot, so that it can be made to turn stiii'ly orotherwise. y

A further feature of my invention is in providing the jaws of the wrenchwith interchangeable parts in such a way that the same tool may beadapted to various purposes by inserting in either or both jawsdetachable engaging-faces shaped according to the article to be grippedor formed, as screwing-dies, cutting-wheels, or like devices. For thispurpose I propose to slot or groove each of the jaws A B, as shown at a,to receive a spline R, formed on the back of the interchangeableface-piece, as shown in Fig. 3. I prefer to make the groove or slot asshown to receive the spline of the interchangeable part from the frontand to make the spline of sufficient depth to enable a pin or screw N tobe passed from one side through the jaw and spline and secure the partin position. This plan has the advantage that the same screw or pin andslot may be utilized to receive and revolubly hold a cutting-wheel T andenable the wrench to be used as a pipe-cutter, as shown in Fig. 1.

The gripping-faces of the jaws or of the interchangeable parts relatedthereto may be made straight or variously shaped, according to the kindof grip required, and may be either smooth, rough, or toothed. Whenrequired as a pipe-wrench, the said faces will be formed curved orclaw-shaped and toothed, as shown at W, Fig. 3, or may be otherwiseadapted to grip a cylindrical or other body.

In the case of cycle-wrenches and the like I propose to form the facesand each of the jaws with a small V-notch a, which may be roughened ortoothed, these notches being adapted to receive the opposite angles of anut, while leaving the faces of the jaws free for engaging on the iatsof the nut, if desired.

In applying the invention to wrenches to adapt them as pipe-cutters Irevolubly mount in the jaws one or more cutting-wheels T, before alludedto, and by my' invention if the cutters are thus applied the cutting' ofthe pipe is greatly facilitated, for the adjustment of feed necessary inordinary pipe-cutters, which is usually effected, for instance, by aseparate screw adjustment to close up the cuttingwheels onto the articlefrom time to time, is completely dispensed with owing to theselfadjusting action of the jaws in the manner above described.

I declare that what I claim is# l. In a wrench, the combination of ahandle or lever, a jaw pivoted at its base to said handle, a second jawslidingly mounted on said pivoted jaw, toothed engaging devices on thebase of the slidable jaw and on the pivotal end of the handle and meansinterposed between said engaging devices for transmitting motion withvariable leverage effect to open or close the slidable jaw when thehandle or the pivoted jaw is moved, substantiallyT as described.

2. In a wrench, the combination of a handle or lever, a jaw pivoted atits base to said handle, a second jaw slidingly mounted on said pivotedjaw, a rack on the base of said slidable jaw, atoothed segment or sectoron the pivotal end of the handle and a pinion device interposed betweensaid rack and segment adapted to transmit motion with variable leverageeffect from the handle to the slidable jaw, substantially as described.

3. In a wrench, the combination of a handle or lever, a jaw pivoted atits base to said handle, a second jaw slidingly mounted on said pivotedjaw within a slot or recess in its base, a rackon the base of theslidable jaw, a toothed segment or sector on the pivotal end of thehandle, and means between the teeth of the rack and of the handle fortransmitting motion to the slidable jaw with a variable leverage effect,the teeth of the handle being covered and concealed within the recess,and the rack having lateral flanges to cover and conceal its teeth,substantially as described.

4c. In a wrench, the combination of a handle or lever, a jaw pivoted atits base to said handle, a second jaw slidingly mounted on said ypivoted jaw, a rack on the base of said slidable jaw, a toothed segmentor sector on the pivotal end of the handle, and a double pinioninterposed between the teeth of the handle and the raclusaid pinionhaving one set of teeth in gear with the handle and the other set ingear with the rack, and the sets being of diiferent diameters,substantially as described.

5. In a wrench, the combination of a handle or lever, a jaw pivoted atits base to said handle by a removably-fitted pivot, a second jawslidingly mounted on said pivoted jaw, a rack on the base of saidslidable jaw, a double pinion mounted in the pivoted jaw in one of twoengaging' holes by a removably-fitted pivot adapted to be changed intoeither hole, to bring either set of teeth of the pinion into gear withthe rack, and a toothed segment or sector on the pivotal end of thehandle to engage the other set of teeth of Ithe pinion, the two sets ofteeth on the latter being of different diameters, substantially asdescribed.

6. In a wrench, the combination of a handle or lever, a jaw pivoted atits base to said handle, a second jaw slidingly mounted on said pivotedjaw, means for 'transmitting movement with a variable leverage eiectfrom the pivotal end of the handle to the slidable jaw, a slot throughthe operative part of each jaw,

`in the plane of motion, to receive a series of interchangeableoperative devices in operative position in the mouth of the jaws, and aremovably-fitted pin through each jaw across its slot adapted to passthrough a hole in the IOO IOS

IIO

IIS

IZO

operative device and retain the latter, substanposition in the mouth ofthe jaws, and a small tially as described. l V-notch in eachgripping-surface of the mouth 7. In a Wrench, the combination of ahandle disposed to receive the opposite angles of a or lever, a jawpivoted at its base, to said hannut, substantially as described. I5

5 dle, a second jaw slidingly mounted on said In Witness whereof I havehereunto signed pivoted jaw, means for transmitting movemy name, this28th day of January, 1904, in ment with a variable leverage effect fromthe the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

pivotal end of the handle to the slidable jaw, JAMES NEWNS. a slotthrough the operative part of each jaw, Witnesses: TO in the plane ofmotion, to receive a series of JOHN MCLACHLAN,

interchangeable operative devices in operative JOSEPH J. ROYDEN.

